Wanted: Octet Violators

Earlier this semester, freshman biology major Emma-Leigh Sheaks Osborn drew these wanted posters, perhaps to help warn her fellow classmates about these troublesome elements on one of their tests. Both boron (B) and beryllium (Be) are uncommon elements in early chemistry courses, but they do make a notable appearance when we study Lewis structures for their atypical bonding patterns in which they prefer to have fewer than an octet of valence electrons in molecular compounds. Emma-Leigh has a knack for both drawing and science and helps to liven up chemistry discussion class with good questions. Thanks for the drawings!

2024 Garber Research Fellowship Winners

Pictured above are chemistry major, Luke Johnson (left), presenting a poster at a research conference in Chicago and biochemistry major, Morgan Underdue (right), working in the lab. Both students were supported this past summer with the generous Carolyn and Lawrence Garber Research Fellowship.

 

Underdue worked with biochemistry professor Dr. Rizk during the summer to develop biosensors for amino acids. He used an engineering approach to convert some proteins for bacteria into powerful detectors for the presence of essential nutrients like glutamic acid and aspartic acid. These amino acids are used by bacteria as food sources to grow. The project is part of a collaboration with the University of Notre Dame to understand how different bacteria selectively consume different food sources. By using the biosensors developed by Underdue, scientists are able to monitor the consumption of nutrients by bacteria in real-time, offering insight into bacterial metabolism and how they can cause disease.

Johnson worked with analytical chemistry professor Dr. Muna during the summer to prepare and test an electrochemical method to detect metabolites of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress, an imbalance of free radicals and antioxidants within the body, is common in many diseases like cancer and heart disease. The compound 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) results from nitration mediated by reactive nitrogen species such as the peroxynitrite anion and nitrogen dioxide which result from oxidative stress. 3-NT has been identified as a biomarker for cell damage, inflammation, as well as nitric oxide production. Therefore, its monitoring is important for disease monitoring. An electrochemical biosensor platform was prepared by modifying a gold electrode with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester gold nanoparticles.  The NHS ester gold nanoparticles created a monolayer on the electrode surface which was used to covalently immobilize 3-NT antibodies. The modified electrode surface was then used for the detection of 3-NT using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry techniques. 

Professor Bill Feighery's Sabbatical Research

This fall semester, our inorganic chemist, Dr. Bill Feighery, is working in the Jaffe Lab at the University of Notre Dame. The research involves two-dimensional layered metal cyanide materials referred to as Hofmann clathrates. These compounds feature alternating square planar metal cation centers (typically Ni, Pd, Pt) and octahedral centers (such as Fe, Co, Ni). The goal is to incorporate atom transfer molecules thereby forming a hybrid material that can be subsequently subjected to stimuli to induce formal atom transfer. 

IUSB Chemistry/Biochemistry research in the news

As usual, our research labs were bustling with activity and students this summer. Undergraduates from various majors - and even a few high school students - worked as analytical chemists, synthetic chemists, biochemists, engineers, and even computer programmers in the labs of Professors Kasey Clear, Grace Muna, and Shahir Rizk. The unusual bit was that research in our department seemed to be all over the news this summer on WSBT (channel 22). First there was a Hometown Living interview with Professor Shahir Rizk and then there was a two-part series as part of Operation Education. The latter featured Biological Sciences major Elizabeth Hayes and Biochemistry major Alissa Sonnenberg talking about their research and goals. Sonnenberg is pictured above in a still shot captured from the second video link of the WSBT broadcast. Please check out and share these three exciting, informative, and short news items using the links below. 

Hometown Living interview 

Operation Education: Important summer research happening on quiet IU South Bend campus

Operation Education: Women still underrepresented in STEM fields

In Honor of Instructor Clark Hartford

As the fall semester nears, our department must continue without the aid of our beloved adjunct instructor, Clark Hartford, who passed away in May. Hartford taught in our department for over 20 years in courses ranging from the freshman level for both science and non-science majors to advanced analytical chemistry for our majors. He taught year-round, including the summer, sometimes teaching multiple sections of a class. For the past few years Hartford had been teaching the freshman-level introductory chemistry laboratory taken mostly by pre-nursing majors. 

The picture above shows Hartford at about 75 years old, but he taught his last class this spring at 91 years old, literally working until the end. He was planning to teach for us again this fall. Hartford truly cared for his students as evidenced by his eagerness to meet students outside of class and accommodate those who missed an experiment. He was not content to let a student slide by or fail. Like all our adjunct instructors, Hartford played a vital role in our department. To honor his memory our department awarded a one-time scholarship to the last chemistry major who he taught this past year, Alexandra Ibarra. To learn more about instructor Clark Hartford 's amazing life, please read his obituary.

Summer Research Begins for LSAMP Students

Summer research begins for our biology and chemistry LSAMP (Louis Stokes Alliances for Minority Participation) students who posed today with chemistry professors Muna and Rizk after a group meeting and pizza lunch. Students are pictured left to right (with their research mentor in parentheses) as front row Cordelia Bennett (Dr. Clark), Joey Malkovsky (Dr. Rizk), Edwin Cortez (Dr. Muna) and back row Guillermo Cardenas (Dr. Clark), Moses Nyirongo (Dr. Clear), Perla Diaz (Dr. Marr).  Each student is financially supported by a summer LSAMP grant funded by the National Science Foundation. Summer research is a valuable educational experience for students that gives them an edge in applying to graduate school programs and jobs. We hope that students and professors will have an enjoyable summer.

2024 Graduates and Awards

Congratulations to all of our award winners (listed below) and graduates. They have all put in a lot of hard work and made sacrifices to be where they are now - whether it is moving ahead to the next year in their major; enrolling in graduate or professional school; or starting their career. We are very proud of our graduates and hope that they stay in contact with us because we are very interested to hear about their future accomplishments. We wish you all a wonderful and restful break so that you can take your next steps full of energy and enthusiasm. 

Constance J. Fox Freshman Chemistry Achievement Award*
   Caroline Quinqiuo

Organic Chemistry Achievement Award*
   Kristen Miller

Senior Excellence Award in Biochemistry*
   Ashlei Sonnenberg

Joseph H. Ross Award for Outstanding Oral Presentations
   Zahra Aljuboori

Gretchen Anderson Pathways Scholarship
   Alexandra Ibarra
   Luke Johnson
   Kristen Miller

Carolyn & Lawrence Garber Summer Research Scholarship
   Luke Johnson

   Morgan Underdue

*This award is made possible by donors to the IU South Bend Chemistry Department Fund.

2024 IUSB Undergraduate Research Conference

Yesterday, five students from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry presented posters of their research at the annual Undergraduate Research Conference. Pictured above are analytical chemist Dr. Muna (left) and her two mentees Megan Conn (center) and Nikki Sweet (right). Her students performed their research last fall as part of Muna's CHEM-C 410 Instrumental Analysis course. Pictured below are Megan Conn again (left) and Dr. Rizk's two mentees Morgan Underdue (center) who began work this spring and Zahra Aljuboori (right) who has been working with Rizk for a few semesters. Not pictured is biochemistry major Emily Barrera who presented her work with ecologist Dr. Marr from the Department of Biological Sciences. Titles of all the students' research projects are listed below.

A Correlation Study of Lead Levels in Contaminated Soil Samples with Source, Home Location, and Age 
   Nikki Sweet (Chemistry, B.S.)  
   Megan Conn (Biochemistry, B.S.)
   Dr. Muna (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry)

Engineering a Fluorescent Biosensor for Real-time Monitoring of Ornithine in Bacterial Cultures
   Zahra Aljuboori (Biochemistry, B.S.)
   Morgan Underdue (Biochemistry, B.S.)
   Dr. Rizk (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry)

Fusing PhuZ with GFP and mCherry Fluorescence Proteins Using AI Modeling 
   Zahra Aljuboori (Biochemistry, B.S.)
   Dr. Rizk (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry)

Comparing Soil Properties and Biodiversity in Pinhook and Howard Park in South Bend, Indiana 
   Emily Barrera (Biochemistry, B.S.)
   Dr. Marr (Biological Sciences)

From Aspiration to Admission: Roadmap to Graduate School

Brody Deming began his research career during the summer of the pandemic in the lab of Biochemist Dr. Shahir Rizk. Because of the pandemic, the lab was mostly off-limits so Deming engaged in a theoretical/computational project using the software Chimera to model the interactions of sugar binding proteins that form nanostructures. He has since graduated with a Biochemistry B.S. degree and is now researching in the Purdue Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology program in pursuit of a Ph.D. Deming returned to IU South Bend this Tuesday to talk with current science majors about the "roadmap to graduate school" to give advice based on his experience on how to select a graduate program - and how to prepare as an undergraduate so that this graduate program will select them in return. It is wonderful to see our alumni return to campus to visit their professors, but it is even more exciting to see them give back to IU South Bend. Thanks so much, Brody, for helping to inspire and encourage our students in their pursuit of graduate school.

The Secret Social Life of Bacteria

Last night, Maggie Fink gave a talk about the secret social life of bacteria at the downtown public library as part of an outreach lecture series "Our Universe Revealed" by the University of Notre Dame and IU South Bend. Fink is the perfect candidate for this joint effort because she is a graduate of IU South Bend (biochemistry major) and a Ph.D. candidate at the University of Notre Dame where she is supported by the prestigious National Science Foundation Fellowship. Bacteria are infamous as harmful germs, but they are also responsible for symbiotic relationships in the digestive system. Furthermore, scientists have been farming bacteria for decades to produce particular proteins like insulin to treat diabetes. But in this talk, Fink described how bacteria communicate with each other and sometimes work in cooperation to give us a "new appreciation for the invisible hidden dramas unfolding all around us." A video recording of her talk is available at the link below, which also archives past talks.

Video Recordings of "Our Universe Revealed" lectures